The ecosystem research in the site Báb (South-Western Slovakia) was re-established in 2007 as continuation of research done in International Biological Programme and Programme Man and Biosphere in years 1967–1977. The inventory of shrub and trees as well as study of the herb vegetation was performed on the permanent plot of size 1 ha. Also the inventory of selected animal groups and analyses of soil and micro-biological samples were executed. The comparison of current structure of selected animal groups and vegetation with their structure in 1967–1977 showed considerable changes during studied 40 years that could be caused by the climate changes and anthropogenic disturbances. The diffrences in decomposition of selected native and invasive plant species were assessed. The biomonitoring of the air pollution was done using mosses as indicator organisms. The maps of historical and current landscape structure were developed for 6 time layers.