The present cultural landscape is the result of an interaction between man and nature continuing for several thousand years. The most significant interventions in the landscape in former communist countries started in the second half of the 20th century and were linked with the intensification of agriculture. The original and preserved agricultural landscapes, where human activities through history consciously transformed the environment, can be described as historical agricultural landscapes. Historical structures of agricultural landscapes are types of cultural landscape that contain, within a geographic area, both natural and manmade features that typify connected activities, and a cultural expression baring on past events or patterns of physical development. Historical structures of agricultural landscapes have irreplaceable ecological, cultural and historical value. They are now becoming rare, however, making them even more valuable on a European scale. Due to complex trends in society, these landscapes have been marginalized, and they are no longer interesting from a production perspective. In most countries, they are not the object of any special protection, and they represent an area where misunderstandings and lack of communication between strict nature conservation and the protection of cultural heritage is common. As with other cultural landscapes, depending on continued management to ensure their qualities – simply protecting them (as is common with nature resources) will not suffice.