The methods of biomonitoring are increasingly used for objective assessment of harmful effects on human health of poolutants that are present in the environment. Nowadays, the load of harmful pollutants from urbanized or working environment is monitored and it focuses on the evaluation of the burden of tissues, organs, body fluids and structures. The basic principles of population biomonitoring and its application in working environment are mentioned and we sketched the present state in the field of biomonitoring of the exposition of population to harmful pollutants from the environment in Slovakia, Germany, USA and the whole European Union. In this contribution, we are presenting the project Human biomonitoring of environmental exposure aimed at the assessment of load of people in the whole European Union. Slovakia will also participate in the project. During the pilot phase (2006-2007) the load of inhabitants by basic harmful pollutants such as mercury, methyl mercury, cadmium, nicotine (metabolite cotinin) will be verified.