Five national parks had been established in the Slovak Republic until recently. The Nature Conservation Act enables the government to establish national parks in greater territories with prevailing ecosystems dramatically changed by human activities or in unique natural landscape that is recognized as a biocentre of over-regional significance or represents the most important natural heritage. On September 23, 1997 the two new national parks were established – National Park Poloniny and National Park Muránska planina. A brief description of the natural conditions in these new national parks is presented with focus to their peculiarities and unique flora and fauna. Many species are protected or threatened and some of them are of over-regional to over-national importance.