It is obvious that geological exploration itself does not represent any great hazard to the environment. Impacts of applied techniques are minimal and valid regulations require the elimination of caused environmental impacts immediately after inishing operations. Of greater significance are influences of mining activities that are to be analysed already in the framework of exploration. The final report and also the feasibility study for the mining project must include the assessment of expected impacts on all components of the environment and proposals for their minimization and subsequent elimination in the framework of termination operations. In the course of analysis, it is necessary to respect that, in addition to the physical environment, the economic environment, which is of at least equal significance to the evaluation of exploration and mining projects, also exists. Recently, mining has played a new role, namely in the deposition of waste into underground mine cavities, which requires the demanding assessment of natural conditions.